What is myopia? Myopia, also known as nearsightedness or shortsightedness, is an eye disease that occurs if the eyeball is too long or the cornea has too much curvature. This is a visual impairment that prevents you from seeing objects in the distance. A short-sighted person can hardly distinguish distant objects: people's faces, road signs, inscriptions on billboards. At the same time, he can see close objects clearly.